The article deals with the environment, the origin of ecology, deforestation, rivers contaminated by mining, its effect, the occupation of protected areas, the objective was to assess emerging threats to nature, ecosystems and to use scientific findings to promote awareness, inform authorities for decision making. The results describe high levels of deforestation, body amounts of mercury in the Esse Ejja and others, the approach was mixed, the study was non-experimental, the longitudinal design, the method of documentary analysis synthesis was used, it was concluded that Bolivia occupies second place in massive deforestation worldwide, that there is a high body load of mercury in residents who have no direct contact with gold mining operations, and finally the lack of compliance with sustainable development.