<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">london-journal-of-research-in-science-natural-and-formal</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>London Journal of Research In Science: Natural and Formal</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn publication-format="print">2631-8490</issn>
<issn publication-format="electronic">2631-8504</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>JournalsPress</publisher-name></publisher>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://journalspress.com/journal-seo-export/jats/228908.xml" />
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34257/LJRS228908UK</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">228908</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Communication: Unified Field or Unified Potential?</article-title>
<subtitle>Unified Potential vs Unified Field</subtitle>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Kuo-Chung</given-names></name><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-3289-1338</contrib-id><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" />
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">Independent Researcher* (Retired), Kaohsiung, Taiwan</aff>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-22">
<day>22</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<abstract><p>The Unification Field Theory (UFT) for gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force has been a dream of Albert Einstein. Many theoretical physicists also paid lot of efforts on this topic, but not much has been achieved. Instead, Unified Potential Theory (UPT) focuses on unified potential which is similar to the total potential of a substance, therefore is closely related to the Atomistic 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. The author tries to replace “field” by “potential” because: (a) Potential is more fundamental than its field and is already unified as energy, (b) UPT has more applications through its connection with the Atomistic 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. The advantages of UPT over UFT are: a potential is more fundamental than its field; being able to include chemical potentials; being able to consider the influence of kinetics; various potentials can be added up arithmetically in UPT. The opinions of three artificial intelligences—namely CatGPT, Pretty Prompt and DeepSeek—on UFT and UPT are taken as references. The limitations of UPT are also addressed in detail. The discussed topics are: Can UFT or UPT be applied to gases and condensed phases? Does UPT have the characteristic of duality?</p></abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-generated">
<kwd>unified field</kwd>
<kwd>unified potential</kwd>
<kwd>atomistic features</kwd>
<kwd>Atomistic 2nd Law</kwd>
<kwd>ChatGPT</kwd>
<kwd>Pretty Prompt</kwd>
<kwd>DeepSeek</kwd>
<kwd>duality.</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://journalspress.com/LJRS_Volume26/communication-unified-field-or-unified-potential.pdf?v=1783498940750" />
<self-uri content-type="html" xlink:href="https://journalspress.com/communication-unified-field-or-unified-potential/" />
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec>
<title>Full Text</title>
<p></p>
</sec>
</body>
</article>