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Abstract
Today's scientific information presents a moment for investigating the true cosmos. The contradictions within modern physics necessitate an examination of the fundamental issue of space, a question that has been deferred for over 2500 years. During the era of Aristotle, understanding of the cosmos was insufficient, leading Western philosophical thought to pivot entirely toward the philosophy of cosmic material, abandoning the philosophy of cosmic origin and the existence of divinity within space, relegating these inquiries to theology. The debate between Newton and Leibniz over absolute space left physics with inadequate information, subject to skepticism and lacking conclusion. Today, modern physics, systems science, physical cosmology, and other scientific disciplines provide information on time, mechanics, the composition of cosmic space—both material and immaterial. Based on the philosophical thoughts of Daoism, Buddhism, and dialectical materialism, there may now exist an opportunity to investigate the existence of divinity within space and to study the cosmic origin. It is hoped that scientists will reconsider and investigate the issue of immaterial existence within space, and reevaluate absolute space (Liu,“0-Dimensional Universe - Absolute space test”,liu (2021),liu(2020)). This may be the key to resolving the contradictions between quantum mechanics and relativity, and I request your Consider publishing the letter.
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I. ESTEEMED MEMBERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY
I am a Doctor of Engineering, a Professor-level Senior Engineer. Through study and research, it has become apparent that the development of science over the past 500 years has been rooted in materialistic philosophy. It has detached itself philosophically from the essence and reality of the universe. Boldly speaking, the progress of science over these 500 years has occurred without a clear understanding of the true foundation of space.
I am writing this letter, to be published in journals such as "Nature," or "Science" to convey a message to scientists worldwide. The content of this letter is open for publication.
The main purpose of this letter is to Earnestly hope the scientific community to pay attention to the issue of space and to request mathematicians, physicists, systems scientists, and others to prove the existence of space and its contents. Over 2500 years ago, the ancient Greek philosophers, along with Eastern Daoist and Buddhist philosophers, continuously inherited and addressed this issue in their respective ideologies. They believed that the universe is composed of both material and immaterial elements within space, with the immaterial being the primordia of matter and the divine presence within emptiness. The expressions of ancient Greek philosophers regarding space and its contents were not systematic, often leaning towards materiality. The issue of cosmic origin and the existence within space was shelved by Aristotle. Despite attempts by subsequent philosophers such as René Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Isaac Newton, Gottfried Leibniz, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, and Feuerbach to salvage this issue, the lack of scientific information prevented success. While the existence of natural divinity within the universe was acknowledged, its nature remained unknown. Science has thrived without a clear understanding of the issue of space and the existence within space, considering materialistic relative space and place as space. The immaterial primordial space has been overlooked (Liu, "宇宙本原考", liu, (2024.5)(2024.8).
Newton discovered the primary force of the material universe, universal gravitation, and once proposed the issue of absolute space (Newton's" Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"). Leibniz, from a theological perspective, opposed Newton's formulation of absolute space. Although he disagreed, Leibniz used the methods of scientific philosophy to demonstrate the existence of absolute space, stating that where there is no matter, there is no distance or other material parameters, hence absolute space ("Leibniz and Clarke Correspondence"). If the great Leibniz had lived longer and if there had been relativity and quantum mechanics at that time, he could have proven it mathematically. This remains a great regret in the history of philosophy and physics. Analyzing absolute space through the philosophical thoughts of Daoism and Buddhism regarding the origin of the universe, it is likely equivalent to Daoism's concept of Wuji()("Tao Te Ching") and Buddhism's concept of Sunyata()("Diamond Sutra"), representing the o-dimensional universe.(liu(2020)(2021)(2024.5)(2024.8))
Later, Mach opposed Newton's proof of absolute space in his "The History of Mechanics," rightly so, as the existence of absolute space cannot be proven through materiality physics. However, Influenced by the philosophy of material, Mach did not conclude what absolute space is. Analyzing it from the viewpoint of Eastern Philosophy (liu"道德经.宇宙本原的宣言", "宇宙本原经典考"), absolute space could serve as a philosophical framework and approach to resolve the contradictions between quantum mechanics and relativity. The current state of science indicates that materiality philosophical thought has its limitations, and the scientific information now potentially provides the conditions and opportunities to prove the origin of the universe. We are compelled to once again face the issue of space and emptiness shelved by Aristotle, and confront the issue of absolute space. After the development of quantum mechanics and relativity, the problem of the existence of "immaterial entities" within space and absolute space has inevitably emerged in science. When contradictions arise between quantum mechanics and relativity, analyzing these contradictions through the philosophical thoughts of Daoism and Buddhism regarding the origin of the universe with dialectical materialism can provide a solution. This is not a problem of science but a problem arising from flaws in our philosophical thinking.(liu(2024.5)(2024.8)) The existence of matter has led us to overlook the immaterial origin space(Liu's "o-Dimensional Universe - 绝对空间考", Liu (2024.5)). Because our philosophical thinking is rooted in materialistic rationality, it has not resolved the issue of information in space,hence the focus of debate and contradictions arise from the lack of empirical evidence of the existence of immaterial entities within space. Therefore, the empirical proof of Newton's concept of absolute space has become an inevitable and unavoidable major issue for the scientific community, as well as what was said by the Buddha Sakyamuni in the sixth chapter of the"Diamond Sutra," a problem of human mental contemplation to be resolved 2500 years later(now).This is the essential attribute of space and the problem of existence in space.
Buddhist philosophy holds that after the departure of the Buddha, humanity will undergo five periods of 500 years of development and change. The last 500 years, known as the "latter 500 years," or today's era 2500 years later, is termed the turning times of the Dharma()(liu"").
In terms of time, the "latter 500 years" roughly refers to the period from the 16th century to the present day. According to the "Diamond Sutra," the period of the "latter 500 years" can be understood as follows: during this period, humanity will scientific empirically demonstrate the essential attribute of space and the immaterial factors() and cause() within space. In this era, humanity will develop into a highly advanced scientific period, where humans may possess the ability to destroy themselves. This period may represent a turning point or era in human development. Humanity is its own savior (liu"宇宙本原经典考").
II. PLEASE CONVEY TO PROFESSOR EDWARD WITTEN
Through contemplation on the philosophical thoughts of Daoism and Buddhism regarding the origin of the universe, it is understood that "Relativity" studies the relative changes in the shape, movement and mass of matter, not changes on space. However, four-dimensional spacetime has opened the door to the study of space. Time is not equal to zero; it studies materiality. Only When time equals zero can we study space. Time is specifically a measure of the existence of matter and energy. Similarly, Professor Witten's research on multi-dimensional universe theory is not about space theory but about material science theory. The dimensions studied by ProfessorWitten are the material dimensions of physics. It is believed that Professor Witten's M-theory will greatly benefit the development of material science and may lead to breakthroughs in materialscience. However, it is not about space theory.
For example, the concepts of point, string, and brane, whether material or immaterial, must be clear. Otherwise, it will bring about the confusion of scientific concepts in philosophical thinking. (Liu, 《宇宙本原考》)
If it is physical, in space, the point can be an Earth or a galaxy; It can be an atom or a particle. String, can be a very thick rope; It can also be a very thin line. Film, can be a very thick board; It can also be a very thin cloth. Etc. (Liu, 《人类本原考》)
If it is immaterial, it is a wrong concept. Or something that doesn't exist.
But it does exist. Judging by the thought of the origin of the universe, it is the energy that the material dimension is o and the time is not o. Furthermore, there is information in which the physical dimension is zero and time is zero. Further, there also is the existence of absolute zero degrees.
All are in space, and the form of existence determines the artificial description of the occupied space. (Liu (2024.5) (2024.8)) Either o or other numerical dimensions can be related to the existence in space. But you can't be place in space, you have to respect space. (Liu (2024.8) (2024.8a))
Through the analysis of the thought of the origin of the universe, judging from the current information, (Liu, (2024.5) (2024.8)) there are only three types of space, please judge the scientific community.
One is the existence of matter, and the existence, movement and change of its external dimension can be judged by three dimensions.
One is the existence of energy, which cannot be used in three dimensions, and can be used to judge the changes and movements of its existence in zero dimensions.
One is the existence of information, which is neither matter nor energy, but is both matter and energy, allowing matter and energy to exist, move, change, and disappear.
The three co-exist, so that the universe and all things are alive and exist. (Liu (2024.5) (2024.8))
Space has no dimensions; there is a o-dimensional non-material existence in space that can give birth to three-dimensional material or exist without material and material dimensions. Time and space do not curved. Quantum mechanics has already scientifically told us that the creation of matter comes from the energy sea of nothingness. Professor Lawrence M. Krauss's book "A Universe from Nothing" is excellent, stating that matter comes from the o-dimensional energy and information of non-material. It can be called the great god of the universe. Western philosophy is based on materialistic logical philosophy, rational scientific philosophy, not the philosophy of the origin of the universe, but materialistic philosophy. The philosophy of the origin of the universe must wait for the development of modern physics to determine and wait for empirical evidence of non-material existence in space and space to determine (Liu, "o-Dimensional Universe - 绝对空间考", liu,(2021)).
From Aristotle to Newton, Leibniz to Ernst Mach, and then to Albert Einstein, they were great. They used rational scientific thinking to consider the material world but never thought clearly about what non-material existence in space and space is. Because there is no information on this subject; Think about this information in terms of our ancestors' cosmic origin thoughts. Quantummechanics and relativity tell us that it should be o-dimensional energy and information, non-material existence. A group of great quantum physicists such as Max Planck, Einstein, NielsBohr, and Paul Dirac solved this information problem. They tell us that both humanity and all things come from energy and information. Fermions are energy bodies, and bosons are information bodies, coming from the great yin() and yang() of information and energy. Strong and weak forces are interactions and causal factors between particles. If gravitational and electromagnetic forces represent the order of motion and change between matter, then strong and weak forces represent the aggregation and dispersion of energy. Strong forces polymerization, weak forces radiate. Eastern philosophy calls it yin-yang dual gas (阴阳二炁), cause and factor(). Please count the abundant of works and practices recorded inBuddhist and Daoist doctrines. The philosophical thought of the origin of the universe has been fully explored and understood; for example, the expression of space is called elastic bag withgreat emptiness (其大无外) and small emptiness(), called Wuji(), without dimensions. The expression of all existence is called yin and yang, macroscopically called non-material and material; non-material gas concept() of yin (阴) and yang(); The concept of interactions() of causal (因) and factors(); let matter exist and change, calledyin and yang five elements(); the creation of the universe is called non-action butaction(); five aggregates are empty(), etc. They all talk about the relationship between matter, energy, and information (Liu, "道德经.宇宙本原的宣言", liu, "宇宙本原经典考").
Our ancestors had a complete philosophical rational framework for quantum mechanics and relativity. When science developed to quantum mechanics and relativity, especially when quantum mechanics and relativity had contradictions, when physical cosmology told us that material energy accounts for only about 4.9% of relative space, and dark matter and dark energy account for about 95.1%, the category we think about should shift from materialistic philosophy to the dialectics of the origin of the universe in Daoist and Buddhist philosophy. According to the thoughts of Daoism and Buddhism, 95.1% of existence should be non-material existence. Theabout 4.9% material existence comes from there and finally must return there (Liu, "道德经.宇宙本原的宣言", "宇宙本原经典考", liu, (2024.5)).
Quantum mechanics and relativity have answered the precious thoughts of the ancient ancestors about the origin of the universe. Matter exists, but its origin comes from the yin and yang dual gas() of non-material emptiness, energy, and information. They have given us opportunities and opportunities to rethink space and the non-material existence in space. Ourancestors' understanding of the origin of the universe is a scientific and rational thought. They Explored our universe and the origin of the universe with another scientific and rational method, telling us that the universe is not purely material but a collections of matter, energy, and information. That is to say, matter is a kind of existence named by humans as a three-dimensional existence, and the origin of matter is the o-dimensional existence of non-material, the balance and change of yin and yang dual gas() in Daoism; the causal change of cause() and factor() in Buddhism。In the"Reflection and research on the origin of the universe()"、"Thinking and research on the Human origin()"、"o-Dimensional Universe - Survival test of all things()"、"o-Dimensional Universe-Absolute spacetest()"、"Tao Te Ching- Universal Declaration()" and "Textual research of the universe original classic()" are referred to as basic energy (factors, yang 阳) and intellectual energy (cause, yin 阴); and according to the multi-dimensional universe ranking, named as four-dimensional universe existence, five-dimensional universe existence, not space. In the four-dimensional spacetime coordinate system, time is designed as o, and two virtual dimensions are added, called disappearing dimensions and changing dimensions; they are gods of the universe, all exist in the o-dimensional space, create matter and coexist with material energy. It is hoped that the scientific community will empirically or empirical research it using scientific and mathematical rational methods.
I am a Doctor of Mineral Processing Engineering, a believer and thinker of Daoist and Buddhist Philosophy, and a fan of physics and systems science. The "Diamond Sutra" says that we should pay attention. Focus on the material, do not study the external phase of the material, the shape is always changing. Study the natural endowment of matter, study the causal changes of the causes and the factors of emptiness of matter. Physics have already done.(liu,"o-Dimensional Universe -万物生存考", liu,(2021))
Physics has discovered universal gravitation, electromagnetism, dynamics, and thermodynamics, which are the causes of motion and change in matter perceived by each other. Quantum mechanics has been developed, discovering strong and weak forces, which are the causes of aggregation and dispersion of material energy, including the cause of time. Chemistry has discovered chemical bonds, the cause of material formation. All mechanics are what Buddhism and Daoism call cause() of causes 因 (yin 阴) and factors 因素 (yang 阳), the causality (因果关系) of the five elements' generation and restraint (五行生克). "宇宙本原考" and "人类本原考" believe that force is the intellectual energy of the cause of information, the soul of matter. All matter is perceptible. Action at a distance exists. Five hundred years of scientific development has brought about earth-shaking changes for humanity; the three industrial revolutions are revolutions created by humanity's understanding and mastery of mechanics, energy, and information, revolutions in the material world, bringing material enjoyment to humanity. However, it has overlooked the existence of non-material divinity in space and the void within space. Although scientists have discovered this, human philosophical thinking is bounded() by materialistic philosophy.
Time is also a cause(),The time "Second" defined by the International Committee of Weights and Measures(CIPM) (13th CGPM. (1969)), which is consistent with the judgment on the Relationship between Time and Material Created of the "He Guanzi《》" in Daoist philosophy, that time is related to material quality and weak forces. So, judged by Buddhist thought, scientists are great bodhisattvas. Time is the numerical process of material and energy existence and has perception of time (Liu, "万物生存考").
I hope the scientific community will not blame or attack religion. The great thoughts of religion, God, deities, are all subjects and topics that our scientific community is always committed to exploring and pursuing. If exploration is not thorough, it is our scientific responsibility, and we are not qualified to attack or blame religion (Liu, "宇宙本原考").
We should not blame philosophy either because Aristotle has turned philosophy into scientific philosophy, the second philosophy, classifying and dividing, and handing over the main responsibility of philosophical thinking to science. In fact, scientists are the great philosophers who discovered classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics discovered that everything in our universe comes from energy and information, from the great basic energy, which is Einstein's four-dimensional spacetime, the existence of the universe when time equals zero, the existence of o-dimensional existence in o-dimensional space, the existence of the vacuum energy sea. Using the thinking of Daoist and Buddhist philosophy, it is discovered that the great universe is alive, (liu, y 2024.5) Tan() is the god of the universe, Tan() is the great God of space. Look at the orderly movement and change of everything, planets, galaxies, everything, and humans, are they created by humans? The god of the universe used the thought of "non-act but action "("Tao Te Ching"), the consciousness of "the five aggregates are empty 五蕴皆空" ("Heart Sutra"), without subjective consciousness, without human feelings, but used the non-material existence of infinite space, in infinite time, to create planets, galaxies, everything, and humans by trial and error. (Liu, "人类本原考") believes that space is the mother of our humanity and all things (Liu, "宇宙本原考").
The ancestral thoughts on the origin of the universe tell us: the universe is alive, everything is alive. From the big bang of the universe, planets, galaxies, to the process of black holes, it is the life span of material existence, just like living people. The cause of time is given by the universe. Humans are even more alive, but humans have two souls. One is the life given by the universe with feelings and subjective consciousness; when we die, the soul of feeling and subjective consciousness leaves us, and we are still ordinary material, our body still exists like everything else, until it returns to energy completely. So, "Zhuangzi《》" believes that humans and allthings are "Qi Yi"() (Liu, "Thinking and research on the Human origin").
Humanity has entered the realm of science with the information tools of language, writing, and numbers, and has come to know the material universe, material philosophy, and material science. Let us understand that the universe is material, defined as a three-dimensional universe with coordinates. So, have we grasped the information of the entire universe? What is the information of the entire universe? The philosophy of the origin of the universe believes it is the existence of the basics energy and intellectual energy of "non-act but action()" and "the fiveaggregates are empty (五蕴皆空)", the universe of information and energy. It is information that has enabled us to understand the material universe, and with the development of material science, we are increasingly clear about the material universe. Why has science developed in this way? What is the relationship with mechanics, energy, and information? Is mechanics a concept of o-dimensional void or a concept of material 3-dimensionality? What are the concepts of energy and information? Regardless of what concepts they are, have we all treated them as concepts of material? Science, why do we treat all matter as dry corpses, as purely material to study? Is there no soul? Why is the universe changing? Why is all matter in motion? Are only humans alive? I remember a scientist saying in a book that the terrifying thing about science is the loss of the soul.
Science, do not sleep in the zombie of material, everything has a spirit, the universe is alive, matter is alive! And this problem, you have discovered it. I hereby extend my highest respect to the great scientific community through "science" magazines. Scientists are the great bodhisattvas of humanity.
Dear Editor:
Today's scientific information presents a moment for investigating the true cosmos. The contradictions within modern physics necessitate an examination of the fundamental issue of space, a question that has been deferred for over 2500 years.
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The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Data Availability
The datasets used in this study are openly available at [repository link] and the source code is available on GitHub at [GitHub link].
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