Evaluation of the Efficiency of Stimulus Measures
The impact of expansionary fiscal policy intended to increase economic growth by using stimulus packages is analyzed by considering the debt to GDP ratio dynamics model. It is shown that for the data characterizing the current state of the U.S. economy the government investment in infrastructure and tax cuts alone cannot decrease the debt to GDP ratio. The paper contributes to the on-going fiscal policy debate whether government investment in infrastructure and tax cuts are an effective approach to boost the economy.
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Efficient Use of The High Motivating Potential of Mathematics to Teach Secondary School Students
Students academic motivation is a key factor in their development and the determination of the effectiveness of their education. Improving motivation is indeed very significant about to courses on secondary school mathematics. This article discusses approaches to the formation of motivation. The authors explore the aesthetic component of motivation motivation in teaching mathematics. ??It also examines methodological requirements for the content of secondary school mathematics, illustrates these by specific examples of mathematical problems.
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Grandmothers Count: The Silent Contributions of Grandmothers in Promoting Child Development
Grandmothers are in a unique position to promote grandchildren??s nutrition, health, development and safety-indirectly by emotional and instrumental support of the grandchild??s parent, and directly by raising the grandchild. Ten percent of the child population in the U.S. live with a grandparent. In a survey design with a sample of convenience, this study described 155 diverse grandmothers in three grandmother family profiles: multigenerational families (10.5%); grandmother caregivers (16.2%); and involved non-residential grandmothers (73.3%). To access these grandmothers, we reached out to churches in central North Carolina. More than three out of four grandmothers saw their children at least weekly, 43.4% daily. The survey identified both the challenges e.g. food insecurity (11.5%), housing insecurity (17.4%), and the opportunities e.g. providing childcare (70.8%) to promote positive health and development of their grandchildren. The study described the roles grandmothers play in the lives of families?? activities, advice offered, skills taught, and efforts grandmothers made to keep their grandchildren safe. The survey also explored grandmothers?? worries and needs e.g. food and housing insecurity, respite care, and wanted information e.g. parent trainings. Grandmothers were asked about their social supports, informal e.g. family, friends, neighbors, formal supports e.g. church, community groups, and instrumental social support e.g. help with food, clothing, housing,transportation, child care, sick care. We compared the experiences of African American, Black (26.7%) and European American, White (69.3%) grandmothers. Black grandmothers were more likely to be single, not have the child??s parent living in the home, have a child in the child welfare system, and were twice as likely to be a primary caregiver, yet, they did not report higher levels of stress or poor health, than the White grandmothers. Even though all of the grandmothers actively provided for the needs of the family, they did so at a cost. Although within one standard deviation of the comparison sample, all five health indicators??physical, social, self-esteem, general and perceived health of the grandmothers trended towards poorer health when compared to her community peers. This pattern also held true of all four indicators of dysfunction??anxiety, depression, anxietydepression, and pain.
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Power and Political Liberty in Anglophone Cameroonian Poetry
The poet and the politician both possess the power of words; the difference is that while the poet uses this power to improve the human condition, the politician uses it to oppress the people since he sees them as objects. This article argues that Alembong, Besong, and Takwi have used their poetic arsenals to espouse the abuse of political power in Cameroon. These poets who have endeared themselves to the struggle in Cameroon have blended poetry and political reality to advance the cause of freedom because they are dissatisfied with the present day politics. Thus, they attempt to write, and be involved with what has become known as literature of conscientization and commitment. From a Marxist literary and socialist realist perspective, the ideo-aesthetic positions of the three poets are perceived, though subtle: they view the political liberty and welfare of Cameroonians as an index of socio- political growth.
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Dissolution and Succession of International Organizations
In public international law which seems the most disregarded area is succession of inter- national organizations. Public international law after recognizing international organizations as prime actors before international law next to states, it has ignored their issues of dissolution and succession. Neither general rules and principles nor customary rules developed in this area. As a result, once we use analogical interpretation and try to use rules governing succession of states and another time we try to take minimal and inconsistent practices. However, none of them are helpful to settle succession matters, especially transfer of assets, debts, mission and purpose in inter- national organizations. Taking this predicament into consideration, this paper tries to discussion issues pertaining to dissolution and succession of international organizations, consequential matters, governing rules and practices, procedures, transfer of assets and debts as well as mission and purpose are discussed and areas of practical and legal gaps are indicated there too.
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