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Abstract
Animal husbandry, especially industrial farming, with year-round housing without walking, is associated with a number of physiological, environmental, technological, feed stress factors, with excessive formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, with a weakening of antioxidant protection. The search for ways to create a balance between the activity of the body and the free radical oxidation of tissues is becoming the most important task in animal husbandry technology. The aim of this work was to study the effect of animal locomotor activity on free-radical oxidation of tissues, on reproduction and product quality. The objective of the work was to establish differences between animals in different conditions of motor activity in terms of growth intensity, egg production, chemical composition of tissues, biochemical features and the level of free radical oxidation of blood. Quails are used as a model object. In the experiment, two groups of birds were used immediately after hatching, 50 heads each. In group -1 (control), the birds were placed so that they could move freely inside the cages, eating food and water. In group 2 (experimental), a partition with a variable height was installed in each cage, which divided the entire cage in half, allowing the birds to jump over or fly over it. Moreover, the feeder was located on one side of the partition, the drinking bowl - on the other, which forced the birds to jump over the partition. to eat food or drink water. 30 eggs from each group were incubated. Growth rate, egg productivity, chemical composition of pectoral muscles, eggs and blood serum, lipid peroxidation were evaluated on quails of the experimental (overcoming an obstacle) and control groups. The average egg weight measured over 91 days was significantly higher in the group where the birds were exposed to active muscle load (12.57 plus/minus 0.15 g versus 11.72 plus/minus 0.15 g in the control group). Quail pectoral muscles in the experimental group contained less fat (2.0 plus/minus 0.18 % versus 3.1 plus/minus 0.48 % in the control group). Quails with intense physical activity turned out to have less LDL in the blood serum, a lower atherogenic index. In the egg whites of the quail of the experimental group, there was more crude protein - 12.1 plus/minus 0.22 %, against 11.5 plus/minus 0.06 % in the control. Increased physical activity, working skeletal muscles turned out to be natural anti-stress and anti-inflammatory factors, which, along with a reduced level of TC, LDL and high resistance to oxidation, contributed to better growth and better reproductive ability of quails, expressed in a larger weight and better quality of eggs.
