Impact of Chemical Constituents in Hair Dressing Salon Effluent on Soil and Soil Bacterial

Abstract

This research studied the Impact of Chemical Constituents in Hair Dressing Salon Effluent on Soil and Soil Bacterial. The soil sample was collected from Ganaja village, Lokoja, Kogi State. A 25 liter Jerri can with a height of about 30cm was filled with soil and polluted with the hair dressing salon effluent for 30 days. After 30 days of pollution, the top soil was collected from the height of 0-5cm, middle soil 12-17cm and the sub soil 25-30cm. The total heterotrophic bacterial count was determined, the acute and chronic toxicity of the effluent on bacterial was determined and the soil was analyzed for the presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbon using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The polyaromaic hydrocarbon (PAHs) detected in the test soil sample were 45.02ng/g biphenyl, 28.23ng/g Benzo[a]pyrene, 12.05ng/g Anthracene, 23.00ng/g and  5.07ng/g Phenanthrene. Only 2.01ng/g of biphenyl was detected in the control garden soil, while counts from the contaminated soil ranged from 1.0 x10² ± 1.10 to 4.0 x 10² ± 0.11.  The counts from the control soil sample ranges from 2.0 x10³ ± 0.20 to 8.2 x10³ ± 0.20. The control soil sample had higher value compared to the test soil samples. The following isolate were identified. Serretia sp., Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp. Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp had the highest percentage occurrence. The acute and chronic toxicity test showed a decline in bacterial count which could have occurred as a result of the presence of PAHs from Salon effluent. The findings from this research indicate that there is a constant release of PAHs into the soil which poses serious threat to the survival of soil bacteria and other soil biological sentinels.