Biceps Brachii or Multiceps Brachii? Literature Review

The bibliographical review of the present study demonstrated that the Biceps Brachii is composed of a complex and variable architecture in its composition. Through an analysis of articles from the last five years, we concluded that this muscle group, which covers almost the entire anterior surface of the arm and which performs movements in the shoulder, elbow and radius ulnar joints, does not have just two muscles in 100% of the human arms, as mentioned in classical literature. It may have anatomical variants in its muscle bellies that add up to five structures in its composition, with a 17.18% possibility (ranging from 9.73 to 36%) of these supernumerary variations existing in the two muscle bellies in the so-called “biceps”.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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The datasets used in this study are openly available at [repository link] and the source code is available on GitHub at [GitHub link].

This work did not receive any external funding.