Applying the CHAP2 Multimethodology to Address Complex Challenges in Public Transport Systems

This paper presents an application of a multimethodology CHAP2 (Complex Holographic Assessment of Paradoxical Problems) to public transportation in a municipality of São Pedro da Aldeia in Brazil and its results, highlighting it´s robustness and how it can be easily applied to the context of public transport in other municipalities. The present case study aimed to examine the experience and results arising from the application of CHAP2, as a tool to assist in structuring and solving issues related to the quality of public transportation services. This multimethodological encompass both qualitative and quantitative methods. Through this approach, crucial themes were identified and addressed, ranging from the operation and sustainability of the service to planning, infrastructure, oversight, and security. We conclude that CHAP2 multimethodology demonstrated its effectiveness in the case study results and revelled its potential contribution to solve complex public transportation problems.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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The datasets used in this study are openly available at [repository link] and the source code is available on GitHub at [GitHub link].

This work did not receive any external funding.